Installing the IP-PBX Appliance
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Contents |
Installation
Upon receiving the unit make sure the system is powered off and then plug in the Ethernet to the LAN connection, the PSTN lines, and then power up the unit. If you misplaced the power supply that came with the system the input scecifications are +12V 1 amp. Upon initialization you will see the Power and Run lighs on solid green and the LAN connection amber if it is plugged in. After the system boots up which is no more than two minuts then you should see the run light flashing. At this point you should be able to http into the system if you know the IP address which is detailed blows. On the back of the system you find the following connectors:
- Four FXO ports. Connect these ports to the FXO ports of your PSTN provider.
- LAN port. Connect this port to your local area network. By default it is set to DHCP. Consult your DHCP server for the IP address or dial into the fxo port and when the auto attendant picks up touchtone *#ipadr# for the system to read back the IP address.
- WAN port. By default it is set to 192.168.1.99.
- Music on hold input. You can provide life music on hold music by connecting this port to a radio or CD player. Use a standard audio jack.
- Paging output. This port may be connected to a paging system. The system will then be able to send media to this port when a special number is being dialed.
- Power. Please use only the provided power supply. During installation, you should leave the power turned off.
On the front side of the box you find several LED.
- The power LED lights up right after you turn the power on.
- The LAN and WAN led are flickering when there is traffic on the respective port.
- The FXO port led light up when there is a call active on the respective line.
After making sure that all ports are connected correctly, you should turn the power on. The boot process takes about one minute.
Updating the system to the latest firmware
Before placing the system into production you should make sure it is running the latest firmware. Since the units often have a long lead time they typically ship with older firmware as they are burnt in early in the manufacturing process. To updated to the latest version please visit http://www.pbxnsip.com/software. Go halfway down the page to the CS410 update package and click on the PBX under the first column product download. Save this file to your computer, in the example it should be http://www.pbxnsip.com/cs410/update-3.0.1.3023.tgz.
Once the file is downloaded to your computer, then go to the web interface of the cs410, settings and then click on the system tab, browse, and copy the software that was just downloaded from the computer there, once the file is copied over then hit the restart. After it is back up you should see that the system is now running version 3.0. See the image below.
Once that is done it is necessary to repeat the step and use the [1] update-msp.tgz file to update the DSP firmware. The system will now be running version 3.0 and go to system software update tab and load the update-msp.tgz via browse, then save, then restart and the system is running the latest MSP.
The last step is to update the audio files on the system. Go back to the www.pbxnsip.com/software and copy the cs410 prompts to your computer then connect back to the cs410 software update and browse, copy the over, then restart the system.
Logging into the system
Determining the IP address of the system
Before you can access the system, you need to find out what the IP address of the box is. By default, the "LAN port" uses a DHCP client to assign an IP address to the system. The "WAN port" uses a hardcoded IP address, the value is "192.168.1.99". You can change these initial settings later through the web interface, but first you need to get access to the system.
If you have access to the DHCP server, you may locate the IP address from the log file of the server. Today most DHCP servers give you a way to see what IP addresses have been provided. The name of the appliance appears as "cs410". Also most home routers today offer a special web page where you can see the DHCP clients.
You may also call the PBX and enter the special code "*#47237#" to get the IP address if the box. This works only if you have a box which has this feature code setup by default.
You can also factory-reset the device through a registered phone which has domain adminsitration permissions (by default, 40). The code for that is "*#7378673#". Obviously, you cannot do that from the PSTN gateway.
Logging into the system with secure shell
You may log into the system by using secure shell. The username must be "root" and the default password is "root123". Because this password is not very secure and the root user has access to all resources on the system, we strongly recommend changing this password after setting the system up. You can do this using the "passwd" command. This password is different from the admin password in the web interface and it is stored in a different location.
 | Please store the operating system password in a safe location. If you loose this password, you can reset the IP address and root password to the factory defaults by holding in the reset button until the fxo lights come on solid and then power cycle the box. |
Logging in by the web interface
To configure the PBX, you should use the web interface. Please see the general information on how to use the web interface to set the system up.
Changing system parameters
There is one special web page for this edition of the PBX. It can be found in the system administrator mode in the Settings tab under the "IP Setup" item and it has the following parameters.
IP Address Setup
After getting access to the system by IP address, you might need to fix the assigned IP address or you may need to set up another IP address on the second port (eth0 is the LAN port, eth2 is the WAN port).
- The address type determines if you want to use DHCP or a fixed IP address. Although it is convenient it use DHCP, you should make sure that the IP address does not change after a reboot of the system (unless your IP phones can deal with this fact). Usually is avoids a lot of problems if you assign a fixed IP address to the system. If you can, you should do this on your DHCP server by binding the MAC address of the PBX to a fixed IP address. If this is not possible, you should select an IP address which is not automatically assigned by the DHCP server. In this case, you need to provide the IP address (e.g. 192.168.1.2), the net mask (e.g. 255.255.255.0) and the IP gateway (e.g. 192.168.1.1).
- If you are using DHCP, you usually automatically provision the DNS server with the IP address provisioning. If you don’t use DHCP, you must manually enter the DNS server that you want to use.
The IP address setup changes only after a reboot.
- If you are using both IP addresses, use only one default IP gateway. Usually you will fill in the default IP address on the WAN port, this will make sure that all traffic which does not stay in the LAN will be routed through the WAN port.
Please note that changes in the IP address will only have affect after rebooting the device. The IP address that has been assigned can be seen on the status web page.
DNS Server
The DNS server is important because the PBX needs to resolve the DNS address for the time server. But also other addresses might use DNS to resolve the destination. You can check if the following command line command works: "ping pool.ntp.org".
If it does not work, you should put a DNS server manually into the settings. Reboot the system to see if the PBX picked up the right time.
PSTN gateway setup
The PBX has a built-in PSTN gateway that operates as separate system. Only the setup part is specific to the PBX. The operation is the PSTN gateway changes only after a reboot.
| | Be careful changing ports of the PSTN subsystem. Usually there is no need to change these ports - changes may interfere with other system settings and ports. The default ports are reasonable and if you don't have to - don't change these values. Typically you only have to set up your DID numbers, and leave the other settings unchanged. |
- The PSTN gateway has its own SIP port, where a port 5062 is a convenient choice.
- You also need to select port numbers for the built-in music on hold stream generator (2042 is a good choice) and the internal paging output device (2040 is a good choice here).
- The RTP ports for the internal PSTN gateway must no overlap with any other ports in the system. A port range from 2048 to 2096 is a reasonable choice.
DID setup
When a call reaches the system, the PBX needs to know which DID has been called. This information is important for the internal call routing and the for the call logging. You may enter the 10-digit number here if your PSTN operator typically uses 10-digit codes. Otherwise, you might choose the 11-digit code which includes the leading "1". If you have a port unconnected leave the field empty. If you enter a number, the PBX assumes that the port is available for outbound calls.
For more information about settings up DID numbers on FXO, see Assigning DID numbers for FXO.
Gain
The gain setup is very important for a good audio quality. Please do not change the amplification on the IP phone to compensate for low or high gain, because this has negative effects for internal calls and for calls that go to the mailbox. The gain value of +22 is reasonable for many installations. If you should have a long cable, you may choose to increase the gain.
Restart
If you did any changes on this web page, you need to restart the system.
Software updates
Updates from the Web Interface
If you are running version 2.1.0.2084 or higher, you can perform software updates from the web interface. The dialog for that can be found in the system administrator mode, at the bottom of the Settings/System page (see picture below).
In this interface you can only load upgrade packages that end with the suffix ".tgz". After loading the image, you need to restart the system. This can be done by clicking on the restart button on the same web page.
Loading additional languages
We have created special software update packages that load new languages. Those language packs can be found on the http://pbxnsip.com/software download page, look for "CS410" file archives. They are loaded the same way like software updates, but they leave the software itself untouched and just add additional languages to the system.
After loading a new language pack, you also need to restart the system in order to see it appearing in the list of selectable languages.
Manual Updates
| | When you are logged in on operating system level, it is a good opportunity to backup your configuration. You can do this with "cd /; cp -R /pbx /pbx-backup". |
If you are running older software versions or you are not sure if the web update works, you need to perform a software update using the operating system interface to the PBX (secure shell login).
The system is internally using a standard Linux distribution, so that most of the software upgrade instructions also apply to the software upgrade instructions for this box. If you want to load a upgrade package (.tgz), you should download that into the /pbx directory, untar it with "tar xvfz update.2115.tgz", then change the working directory to to update directory "cd update" and execute the update script in that directory "./pbx_install.sh":
/# cd /pbx /pbx# ncftpget -u your_user ftp.your.ftp.server (load the image) /pbx# tar xvfz update-2115.tgz /pbx# cd update /pbx/update# ./pbx_install.sh /pbx/update# cd .. /pbx# rm update*.tgz /pbx# sync;reboot;exit
If you just need to upgrade the PBX, you can perform the following steps:
1. First stop the PBX process. You can determine the PBX process number with the command "ps -auxww". Then use the kill command to stop theprocess.
2. Get the new image with the command wget. You need to know the location of the image in the internet, e.g. "wget http://www.pbxnsip.com/download/pbxctrl-tecom-2.0.0.1604". Note this is a binary and contains only the executable (files ending in .tgz contain upgrade packages).
3. Restart the system with the command "sync;reboot;exit".
Changing the SIP port
If you are able to use DNS SRV, it does make sense to change the standard SIP port from 5060 to something else. This makes it a little bit more difficult for attackers to locate your PBX port and send junk traffic to that port.
If you want to do that, you need to do the following steps:
- Change the port setting in the Port settings in the administrator mode. After that you need to reboot, so that the PBX picks the change up.
- Then you must save the IP Setup again (also in administrator mode), so that the FXO driver settings are updated. Those settings also contain the SIP port of the PBX, and this port also needs to be updated. After saving them, you need to reboot your box again.
Password Recovery for Web Login
When you are changing your password on the web interface, make sure that you write down the password and store it in a safe place. Also, make sure that you don’t have SHIFT LOCK or another control key set when you enter the password into the web browser, because in this case you will enter the same wrong password twice.
If you really need to reset your password, you need to log on to the operating system to change the password back. See above (Logging into the system with secure shell) on how to log on to the system. The password is stored in the file /pbx/pbx.xml. The PBX does not store the password in clear text; it calculates a hash over the username and the password. If you want to reset the password, you need to change that file.
There is a "vi" editor on the system that you can use to edit the file (see for example http://www.cs.fsu.edu/general/vimanual.html on how to use vi). In short words, go to the /pbx directory and start vi:
cd /pbx vi /pbx.xml
Then move the cursor to the place which says "pw_pass" and remove the hexadecimal number between the XML tags (<pw_pass> and </pw_pass>) by pressing the ‘x’ key a few times. Save the file by pressing the ESC key and ":wq" ENTER (see the vi documentation). After this, you need to restart the PBX. You can do this with the command "sync;reboot;exit".
